At the critical point of science and art - Zhang Fangcun BZ Art of Art History to be based on

At the critical point of science and art

- Zhang Fangcun BZ Art of Art History to be based on 

Text / Rong Jian (well-known art critic)

art、Religion and science，Construction of the human spirit are the three world，It is also a major symbol of human civilization from the animal world to。30,000 years ago when humans inhabit caves，Hungry，Not a shirt，But the artistic imagination has begun，They used mud nature、Mineral Materials，Mixed animal fat，Painted on the walls of the cave under the earliest human works of art。With the origin of art，It is to produce religious，Because the reality of human suffering and in the spirit of trying to achieve a kind of transcendence，That is, into a time-limited life into unlimited imagination。After the precursor of art and religion，Science long overdue，From ancient Greece to the times of Galileo，Science is always in seeking to shake off the fetters of art and religion，And because of their progress in changing art and religion。Optical revolution is essentially the art of the Impressionist revolution，The Reformation is accomplished under the pressure of science。Science has become a common catalyst for change art and religion。

Under the influence of science in art，American famous art critic Kim Levin in his "post-modern transition," one wrote："Modern art is science，It is built on the strong belief in the future of technology inalienable、On top of faith and progress in the world of objective truth。It is experimental，The creation of new forms of its important task。Since Impressionism ventured into optics，Art began to share the scientific method and logic。Einstein's theory of relativity there has been use of Cubism、Constructivism has the effect of industrial technology、Futuristic、Stijl、Graphically Bauhaus and Dada molecules。Even the use of Freudian dream theory surreal world image and subject to the influence of psychoanalysis process of abstract expressionism behavior，We have tried to reason with the skills to manage these irrational things。because，Modernist stage believe in the objectivity of science and scientific discoveries，Its artistic structure has clarity、Dream logic、Rationality characters posture and materials。It longing for perfection，Requirements pure、Clarity and order. "。Levin described the case of science and into the arts，Indeed constitutes a mainstream modernist art movement，Even since the 1960s evolved into machines and technologies in the field of art carnival。Some artists like Rauschenberg、Bob Whitman et al.，They are rushing to the aid of all kinds of industrial technical means to express their fascination with the science of some kind。These phenomena show，Within a period of modernist art by means of a great power of science in a very long，Create new forms of art or genre。

How should we approach modern art "scientific"? Or，How should we approach the relationship between art and science? Art history and the history of science apparently have not yet reached a consensus。In some Western cultural critics and scholars view，For example, the Frankfurt School's critique of the dominant culture industry，It is focused on the analysis of the negative effects arising from science to art，They actually think，Scientific art is linked to the decline and fall of human enlightenment，Art is a means and thus repeat、standardization、Averaging、assembly line、Designed、Production and other industrial concepts associated，Science and art are equivalent to the capitalist culture industry，In their own words："Cultural industries are all factors that contains duplicate。Unique, innovative culture industry，But continuous improvement is just mass production，This is not something outside the system。This fully shows，All consumers are interested in the technology rather than content-oriented，These contents are always endlessly repeated，Continue to rot away，Let people skeptical。"Vision in the Frankfurt School，Culture industry is a widespread copying of culture，It's all the elements are under the same mechanism，Produced in the same posts with the label jargon，Culture has a schema of、Meaning the index and classification，The dispute between an art expert and Examiner，It has proved no more aesthetic inherent tension。The whole world intrinsic critical and negative by filtration of the culture industry is fully digested，Technical rationality thus becomes a dominant rationality itself，Thus it has social alienation in their mandatory nature。

in my opinion，The actual process of modernist aesthetics，In fact, not as imagined as the Frankfurt School，Completely out continuously replicated on a scientific track thus become degenerate。Since modernism curtain opened Impressionist Painting Art，Modern art is an integral part of the Enlightenment advocated rationalism；And society as a whole "disenchantment" Adaptation，By shaping the modern art is different from the classical art and the visual image of political or religious ideology from the field of art completely get rid of out，Art truly returned to their own。Impressionist and Fauvist color as the representative of the revolution and the revolutionary style Picasso, represented by，Innovation is unprecedented in the history of art。therefore，Modern art is created in terms of the nature of their imagination，And is a scientific process and replicability fundamentally opposed。When science and industry in some form given to modern art，In fact, it does not restrict the space of artistic imagination，Nor digestion "Authenticity" Art。In the modern-era art，Indeed as outlined above Habermas，Art and science has made equally important position，The value of the field to become independent in the 20th century。Self-discipline of modern art and not because of the widespread use of photography and photographic technology and fatally influence，After the proposed "art copied" Benjamin decades，Modernist art according to their own logic rapid development in Europe and the United States，It had an important school of art such as the new German expressionism and American abstract expressionism, etc.。

however，It was also during this period，Modernist art suffered a real crisis。By Kim Levin's words："Modern Art promised a rosy future bright，One kind of endless progress in style。but，Around 1968 - that napalm、Times dropped out and flooded wide split - optimism of modern art，Dogmatic belief in the technical sciences，Of pure、logic、Trust in the form of process，We are increasingly not get on。Alternative unlimited progress and development are missing and faults，Inflation and the depreciation of the value of。...... not a single world，It is not possible purely of，Modernism is dead. "。

On top of the ruins of modernism，After the start of the rise of modern art，In just a few decades time they swept the Earth Products。As a reaction to modernist art or beyond，Post-modern artistic expression and the former radically different aesthetic positions，They are to attacks on the "self-discipline works of art" and the concept of "self-discipline of aesthetics" of，These ideas are the cornerstone of modernism philosophy。In the post-modern context，Art can be everything，However, only the longer of its own。After Duchamp the father of modern art in the early 20th century, had announced the world's most common objects can be art，He replied, "what is art" is a classic problem："What is not art"?

In the post-modern art，No longer is the art of repetition and similar deadly enemy，No style becomes a style，"Collage"、"Misappropriation" and "imitation" has become the main way of artistic expression，Industry standardized production and flow of operations is a big way into the production process Art，The artist's responsibility is only to sell the idea，He can be like the boss have to hire someone to paint the capital as no longer suffered moral condemnation，Public imitated and even plagiarized have become fashionable，Which led to that situation criticism of American culture guru Jameson described："So far as there is no standardized social community like this，Humanity、Social and transient streams history has never been so evenly flow "。obviously，In the post-modern historical context，Homogeneity and replication of art really began to rise from the technical level to a concept、A philosophy，And "copy" is linked to "collage"、"Misappropriation"、"Parody"、The new "graphic" and other words，These keywords subvert the traditional college and elite of the long-form of modernist aesthetics，Art sink quickly to the consumer in a wave of populism。Copy of the movie and photographic art as seen Benjamin，In the new era of image，By means of enormous utility computer and media，Art has become a mainstream of our times。Thus not difficult to understand why the Chinese contemporary art is still the mother is still in its infancy social modernism in，I could not wait to break out in order to complete its post-modern transformation。Premodern、Under the modern and post-modern discourse scenarios juxtaposed，"Copy" discourse has become impressively mainstream discourse of contemporary Chinese art，It dominate or influence the Chinese contemporary art production，After making those classic modern art visual symbol repeatedly been repeatedly produced。

Based on the relationship between art and science of art exhibited by modern history and modern history after，It is not already exhausted all the relationship between art and science? Entanglement modern art and science of independence and post-modern art to science speak out，Does that mean artistic needs further thought in the scientific dimension? This is what I come to the fore at the time of reading and understanding the problem of consciousness Zhang Fangcun BZ Art。A history of art since the Impressionists，There is no shortage of scientific field from start to finish，It is a different way to get involved in the creation and change of art，It must be noted that，Whether modern artists based on the position of modern or after，Science is "indirectly" involved in the arts field，Or (modern art) appears as a background art，Or the emergence of art as a tool of (postmodern)，In these two different artistic stages，Scientific mechanism and the mechanism of Art are each independent occurrence。From this perspective Zhang Fangcun BZ Art，He is different from the past, art history significance，Science is "direct" appearance，Science directly involved in the creation of art，The artist deliberately break the art and science of critical point，The reaction science and art of organic bonded together fortune，Thus creating a unique artistic --BZ Art。

First of all，BZ Art Zhang Fangcun argument is not a maverick，But on a serious scientific principles，That is, from the former Soviet Union scientists do not Rosoff and firewood Botingsiji in 1959 co-discovered the "BZ reaction" (in their name in the first letter of name)。BZ substantial oscillations is a chemical reaction，In a suitable catalyst, such as manganese and cerium effect，Malonic acid oxidation with potassium bromide，After the mixed solution in a Petri culture vessel，Intermediate culture can be seen continuously corrugated colored radiation，First solution turned blue，Then turn red，Then turn blue，If you continue to add material response will continue to be。This reaction is a completely chemical clock。This reaction is called autocatalytic，That reaction can be catalyzed reaction product，Accelerate their synthesis。BZ reaction show，Feedback can be used as a way of providing vibration，Nonliving system simple and complex patterns can be generated component structure spontaneous。Zhang Fangcun the BZ chemical reaction directly applied on canvas，Let all kinds of paint on a canvas autoreactive，Showing unprecedented pattern picture。This picture is unique，Unrepeatable，Less likely to produce so-called fake painting。This pigment is "self-organization" painting，And the picture is a "self" by the self-movement of formation of the pigment，BZ reaction with the substance of art on which the natural attributes of the pigment itself，It changed the concept of art and technique in the traditional sense since ancient times，The arts have an unprecedented new form of possible。

Secondly，BZ Art Zhang Fangcun is directly exposed artistic and scientific，Related science and art are no longer external，But showing an intrinsic link。According to the traditional view of science，Science is constructed by the logic and reason together，Objects observed science and art is difficult to link，Scientific "image" no way to behave。But in fact，In reality all the ugly things，Restoring to the smallest atomic structure of molecules or microscopically，It is observed that the most beautiful sight。Science can not only explore things "truth"，But also presents things "with the United States"，Deep mystery and richness of nature is composed of numerous self-organized movement posed，BZ reaction to "Natural Beauty" truly presented，This is the beauty of science。Scientific and critical point in the art of art was broken BZ，We can call it art scientific BZ Art，It can also be called the art of science。

third，BZ Art is not only innovative and recycling of paints，It is the use of a new painting materials，But also a breakthrough new artistic concepts and methods。Self-organization carried out by the movement of the pigment BZ reaction，In the canvas、Rice paper、glass、Pottery、Screen effect on a carrier such as porcelain formed，Science is a product of the reaction，It can be seen as the result of naturalness。Innovative materials will inevitably bring innovation is artistic concepts and methods，"Nature" performance painting changed intentionally blending in the traditional sense、Production and performance practices described Morocco。In this sense,， BZ Art may be able to go beyond a color revolution pioneered by the Impressionists，It is true insight into the color generation、Variety、Synthesis of principles and mechanisms of，Make art really be restored to Heaven、Naturally occurring state，Artists subconscious emotions play、Led intervention and the concept of the soul，It is in the form of "materialized" in harmony to achieve a self-organized by the movement of physical chemistry and Presentation。In the course of this "BZ" reaction，On the one hand is a self-catalytic materials pigment，On the other hand is a blend of subject and object，And finally the non-living system components are simple evolution as a complex structure and pattern，Form a beautiful picture of magnificent nature and humanity are unimaginable。

fourth，BZ Art is the art of self-organization，Naturalness of art，Art is also a chance，then，People will ask，What the dominant position of the artist? The artist's presence is not just as a scientist? But not a brush in his hand a variety of bottles? This painting is a scene would not have revolutionized the practices of traditional painting? Pollock's "drip Caesar" style of painting has upended the traditional way of easel painting，The effect of chance he pursued painting art history has now been recognized as a decisive factor in his artistic achievement。Pollock and comparison，Zhang Fangcun process of art in the operation of BZ，Chance is even greater，The success rate of his work only about two tenths，Porcelain painting of a lower success rate，A few percent。Work "survival rate" so low，On the one hand it can be seen as self-generated works，On the other hand it can be seen as the artist choose。In the process of self-generated works and artists choose in，Subjectivity of the artist is always reflected in the concept、emotion、Artistic experience together constitute the judgment，His body is involved in a variety of ways，Such as adjusting the formula，Change agent，Increase or decrease certain pigments，Guiding the flow direction and intensity of the pigment，When the screen to achieve the best，Ultimately determined by the time of completion of the works of the artist。therefore，BZ Art for the artist is not a passive process of art，It does not change the relationship between artists and their works，When the subject and object only reach a high degree of unity，Works will be "in accord with its natural" being created out。

I do not think Zhang Fangcun BZ arts in one fell swoop solve all the problems in the relationship between art and science，but，His artistic exploration involves at least to the following question is worth critics attention：

Let BZ reaction medium of painting from the "dead" material into a "live" material，Pigments based on self-organized movement of chemical reactions carried out in the past has the potential to revolutionize the ways and means of drawing all。

Based painting BZ reaction is a direct presentation of art science rather than indirect intervention，Science reaction luck and art and have substantially the same purport realm，Science and art appear unified in opposition in。

BZ Art is the art of naturalness，It is the art of occasional opportunities，Subjectivity of the artist lies in the occasional opportunity in an instant artistic effect "freeze" down，Subject and object must be highly unified。

BZ Art is the unity of science and art of good fortune reaction，Art and craft、Art and technology、The unity of art and science，of course，But also the unity of art and nature。In fact, a whole big world。

Danto proposed End of Art，Is based on the art of possibility has been completely ruined；I think，Zhang Fangcun BZ Arts demonstrated a new possibility。

Rong Jian

2017.10.5

Rong Jian：philosophy doctor、Well-known art critic、Curator。2005Founded Beijing Jindu Art Center，Since April 2006，In theory the theme "third space" launched the "Chinese Abstract Art Exhibition Series"，It has so far held back more than twenty，The industry had a good response，It is recognized as the industry is in China to promote the most important art institutions abstract art。Rong Jian in "China Social Science"、"Philosophical Investigations"、"Political Science"、"Guangming Daily" and other important newspapers published articles on the theory of a million words，Published monograph："Democracy" (Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1989)、"Beyond and convergence" (Renmin University of China Press, 1988)、"Marx creative exploration of old age" (Henan People's Publishing House, 1993)、"Theory and methods of social criticism" (China Social Sciences Press, 1998)。The "Democracy," a book had a significant impact，The Library of Congress as a collection of classic literature。